Sitshelwe ukuthi ezomoya zakwantu beziyinto yasendulo engahlelekile futhi engenazo izakhiwo. Uma ngabe lokhu kuyiqiniso, kungani amathempeli amoshwa? Kungani izindlu zobukhosi bezihlezi zihlosiwe? Kungani inhloso yemizamo eyayihleliwe yasusa zona izikhungo zegunya lomoya?
Asikwazi ukukhuluma ngembuyiselo, singaqalanga ngokubheka umnyombo wembumbiso.
Kunomkhuba wokuvezwa komlando ngendlela yokuthi ezomoya zakwantu zaphelelwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, engathi kwavele kwazenzakalela ukuthi kuphele nya ngazo, kusale nje izincezu ezingatheni ezingamasiko kanye nempucuko. Lokhu akusilo iqiniso. Lento yenzeka ngamabomu. Yayihleliwe, yenziwa ngobuchule.
U-Robert A. Kann, isazi somlando sicacise ukuthi ngaphambi kokuba uhlelo nanoma iluphi lubuyele kwindlela elaliyilo, kufanele kubhekwe kuqala lokhu okwadala iziphazamiso. Ngaleyo ndlela waqhamuka nencazelo yena ayibiza ngokuthi i- Intermediate System noma i- system B. Lolu hlelo-ke akufanele kubekhona ukungaliqondi kahle, lifaniswe mhlawumbe njengenqubekelaphambili noma okusungulwayo, kepha kuyimbumbiso esusa abantu kulokhu abakwazi njengeqiniso. Yenza babone lokhu okubekwe phambi kwabo kubonakale sengathi kuze nobuhle nenkululeko kanti kuyimbumbiso engenabo ubuqiniso.
Ngokwesimo sase-Afrika, lembumbiso yafana nento esiyibiza i-Dark Age (Izinkathi zobumnyama). Kwakungashiwo ukuthi izinkathi zobumnyama ngoba ulwazi lalungekho. Kwakwiyizinkathi zobumnyama ngoba umuntu omnyama wayesusiwe kwizimfundiso ezazibusa futhi zigciniwe.
Amathempeli amoshwa, izindlu zobukhosi obukhulu zawiswa. Undlunkulu owengamele ezomoya zakwantu wachithwa kulandela lesi senzo.Ilapho-ke imbumbiso yasuka khona.
Uma singaba neqiniso, kunento ejulile ngokungahlangani kwalento ebesiyitshelwa.
Sitshelwe ukuthi ezomoya zakwantu beziyinto yasendulo engahlelekile futhi engenazo izakhiwo. Uma ngabe lokhu kuyiqiniso, kungani amathempeli amoshwa? Kungani izindlu zobukhosi bezihlezi zihlosiwe? Kungani inhloso yemizamo eyayihleliwe yasusa zona izikhungo zegunya lomoya?
Awuyimoshi into entekenteke. Umosha into enamandla.
Iyona lento engawenzi umqondo, okufanele kubhekwane nayo ngqo ngaphandle kokusaba.
Amathempeli kwakungezona izindawo nje zokudumisa kanti futhi izindlu zobukhosi kwakungezona nje izindawo zokuhlala abasebukhosini. Amathempeli bekuyilapho izindaba zomoya zezwe zivela khona, lapho izithixo zizinze khona nokuyilapho abahlanganisi bezwe lomoya kanye izwe lenyama (PSCBs), ababe yizinkosi zomoya eziphethe ukulawula umhlaba. Bekuyilapho ebekukade kuqondana khona izimiso zezwe lomoya kanye nezwe lenyama.
Yikho lokhu obekuhlosiwe. Zonke lezinhlelo ezafika lapha e-Afrika zaziyazi indlela ekuqhutshwa ngayo. Abaqalanga ngokuhlasela abantu nje. Baqonda kwabasegunyeni eliphezulu ngoba babesondelene noMdali. Ngenkathi kususwa lokhu, uhlelo lulonke lalingasakwazi ukuzimela.
Izinkathi zobumnyama zaqala kanjalo. Aziqalanga ngenxa yokulahleka kosiko, kodwa ngenxa yembumbiso nokushatshalaliswa kwamandla.
Ukuzalwa kwesistimu yomhlaba, I-sistimu engenalo iso lomoya
Okwafakwa esikhundleni sesistimu endala akuqhamukanga entweni engekho, kepha kwavela kulokhu okukhona, okwathathwa, kwaguqulwa nokwaphucwa ubunjalo babo.
Ngaso lesikhathi amathempeli, eyizindawo zezindaba zomoya zezwe, emoshwa kanye nokususwa kwabahlangisi bezwe lomoya kanye nezwe lenyama (PSCBs) isikhala segunya sabakhona. Leso sikhala asihlalanga singagcwalisiwe kanjalo.
AmaGriki angena kulesi sikhala aqala ukwakha into eyabuye yabukeka njengempucuko. Abazange bakhe besusela entweni engekho, bakha besusela entweni ekhona. Umsebenzi ka George G.M. James uveza ukuthi into ebizwa nge-Western philosophy and science wathathwa kwizimfundiso zobu-Afrika, ikakhulukazi kwi-Per Ankh, i-House of Life (umuzi wempilo).
Kodwa kunento eyisisekelo eyaguqulwa kuloluhlelo. Izakhiwo zaqhubeka zama, kodwa umoya wasuswa. Izimfundiso zaqheliswa kuMdali. Izikhungo zaqheliswa kundlunkulu osegunyeni. Kwasala isistimu eyayizophila ngezimfuno zomhlaba, ezingaholwa ngokuqondanisa ngobugcwele.
Iyona isistimu ebusa umhlaba esikhathini sanamuhla. Ikhiqiza ulwazi, ayi ubuhlakani. Isimamisa ezobuchwepheshe, kodwa ilokhu ingaxhumene nozinzo lukamoya.
Amampunge ngokuntuleka
Kushintsho olwalukhona, okwaba yinto enamandla eyalethwa i-Intermediate System ngukuthi kubusa ukuntula empilweni.
Kwisistimu endala, impilo beyingaqhutshwa ngalena indlela. Isiqondiso besehla njalo kundlunkulu, sehlele kubahlanganisi bezwe lomoya kanye nezwe lenyama (PSCBs) kanjalo uzinzo lwalugcineka ngemithetho eyayiqondene noMdali. Isisekelo sokuphila kwabantu sasingekho ekutheni kuyancintelwana kepha sasime ngokuqondana komthetho wobungcwele.
Ngesikhathi ubuntu bususwa kundlunkulu osegunyeni, base befaka isistimu eyehlukile yokulawula.
Ukuphazamiseka kwembuyiselo ezigabeni ezinkulu
Yize izinkathi zobumnyama zenzeka ezweni lenyama, izwe lomoya alizange lithule.
Kusukela ezigabeni ezingenhla, beyilokhe ikhona imizamo yokubuyisela isistimu endala. Izwe lomoya alizange lililahle izwe lenyama. Lalithumela abahlanganisi bezwe lomoya kanye nezwe lenyama (PSCBs) negunya lokuzoqala uhlelo lwembuyiselo, ukuzobuyisela okwase kufile, nokuzomisa kabusha ukuxhumana phakathi koMdali kanye nezwe lenyama, kodwa yonke lemizamo ayifinyelelanga esiphethweni.
Ngaphambi kokuba igunya likwazi ukwenza ebelikuthunyelwe, abahlanganisi bebevinjwa, benganakwa. Esikhathini esiningi bebesuswa ngaphambi kokuba bafeze lokhu abasuke bekuthunyiwe. Le phethini iziphindaphinde kuzo zonke izifunda ngokwahlukana kwazo futhi ngezinkathi ezehlukene. Sikhuluma lapha ngabantu abafana no-Kimpa Vita, o-Simon Kimbangu, kanye no-Credo Mutwa, kanye nabanye, izindima zabo ezingeke ziqondwe ngaphandle kwalesi simo.
Ubukho babo babungesilo ize. Ukuphakama kwabo kwakungesilo iphutha. Kwakusayingxenye yemizamo yezwe lomoya ukuzobuyisela okwakuphazamisekile, kepha isistimu abaphakama ngayo vele yayikhandwe ngendlela yokuba ivimbe imbuyiselo. Yingakho ukuthunywa kwabo kungaphelelanga uma kubukwa ngeso elingajulile, akusikho ukuthi ababekuthunyiwe kwakunganele. Kungenxa yokuthi indalo yayakhelwe ukuvimba ukugcwaliseka komsebenzi. Lokhu kuveza into ekhononayo. Izinkathi zobumnyama kwakungekona ukulahleka kwesikhathi. Kwakuyisikhathi somzabalazo oncikene nembuyiselo uqobo.
Lesistimu iwukuntula
Abantu babanga izinsiza ezinganele manje. Amasistimu akhelwe phezu kokukhawulwa. Osekubusa manje ngukuthi uphila ngani, ayi ukuthi uphila kanjani, okuyinto ekhandiwe, engesilo iqiniso.
Umsebenzi ka-Michael Hudson uveza ukuthi yize izikweletu zazikhona kumasistimu amadala, zaziphethwe ngokulingana. Zazikhululwa futhi kunokubuyisa okwakwenzeka. Kule sistimu ekhona manje, akukho ukukhulula. Izikweletu ziyaqhubeka kanye nengcindezi iyanyuka, igqilaza abantu unomphela. Kwenzeka kanje uma lingekho igunya eliphezulu.
Ukwehla bobungoma kanye nobugebengu bobungoma
Elinye isu elisetshenziswe i-Intermediate system kwaba ukususa umuntu omnyama kwizinkambiso zabo zomoya ngenhloso yokuchitha ihhovisi lobungoma. Ngokwesistimu yakudala, Ubungoma babunendima yayo eyidlalayo phakathi kwenkambiso yomoya. Bebusebenza ngaphansi kwegunya elisethempelini, ngokweziqondiso zabahlanganisi bezwe lomoya kanye nezwe lenyama, phakathi kombuso wegunya lomoya. kodwa ngesikhathi kususwa igunya eliphezulu, elalisondelene noMdali, basala dengwane ubungoma. Okwalandela lapho kwaba umthetho, ayi inhlanakazela. Noma ngabe yini eyayiphathelene nobungoma kanye nobuhlanga, abantu abadala yayibizwa ngobudimoni. Beyingenaso isisindo nokuqondwa njengengxenye yobungcwele. Besivezwa njengento enobungozi nekufanele isatshwe. Imibhalo yebhayibheli yayisetshenziswa ukwahlulela lesi sikhundla, ngenhloso yokupha igunya lokuphikisa ezomoya zakwantu.
Lesi kwaba yisigaba sokuqala, esithinta kakhulu umqondo nokusebenza kwawo. Kwaguqula indlela umuntu omnyama azazi engayo. Emuva kwalenhlanakazela, kwalandela umthetho. Lapha eNingizmu Afrika lomthetho wenzeka ngohlelo i-Witchcraft Suppression Act. Ngesikhathi umthetho ufakwa, isistimu yayingasenawo amandla. Umthetho awuzange uqale ukumosha, wawuqhuba nomonakalo owawuvele usemingqondweni yabantu. Wawuhlose kuzo izangoma uqobo kanye nokugcizelela ngendluzula ukuthi ezomoya zakwantu ziyinto nje ephambene.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lenhlanakazela yaba into eqhubekayo. Uma ngabe igunya eliphezulu alizange limoshwe,Ubungoma ngabe busaqondwa namuhla njengehhovisi phakathi kwamanye amaningi angaphansi kwegunya lomoya, bebungeke buphanjaniswe nokuthi yonke into ethinta umoya uwubungoma, ikakhulukazi esikhathini sanamuhla lapho kuvele kuxoxwe ngezinto eseziyinsalela ngaphandle kokuziqonda.
Ukuba intandane kamoya
Esikubona namuhla kuwumphumela waloluhlelo olude, abantu bamatasa bayabhekabheka, bayaxoxa, bazama ukuxhumana nento abayizwayo kodwa abangakwazi ukufinyelela kuyo. Konke lokhu bakwenza ngaphandle kwegunya. Amathempeli, ayekade ewumnyombo wezomoya zakwantu awasekho. Igunya eliphezulu nalo alisekho. Indlela eyake yaphatha ezomoya zakwantu ayikabuyeli kwisimo sayo. Abantu ke bayazenzela, bazama ukuzenza abangasiyikho. Yikho bebangaka abazibekile kodwa ukuqonda kamoya kungekho, yingakho iqiniso selithokala kuzo izinsalela. Akusikho ukuthi abantu abekho qotho kodwa kungenxa yokuthi okwakukhona, kubusa futhi kubumbe leli qiniso, akusekho. Lokhu ubuntandane bukamoya.
Ukuqonda izinkathi zobumnyama (Dark Ages)
I-Intermediate System ayikwazi ukulungisa noma ukwenza ncono isimo ngoba yayingakhandelwe ukuba igcine eyakumosha. Yakhandelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isistimu yakudala ayibuyeli kwisimo sayo esikahle kalula. Njengoba ekubeka kucace u-Robert A. Kann ukuthi imbuyiselo ayenzeki ekuguquleni isistimu emoshekile, yenzeka uma kubuyiselwa kusistimu ebekade ikhona kudala. Izinkathi zobumnyama angeke ziphele uma abantu bexoxa kumbe befunda ngazo. Angeke ziphele ngemizamo yomuntu eyedwana. zizophela uma isikhungo sibuyiselwa endaweni yaso. Uma ithempeli libuyela njengomnyombo womqondiso kamoya, uma igunya eliphezulu libuyiselwa, namhlazane ukuxhumana noMdali sekubusa, kungesiyo insalela yento. Iyolunga mhlazane kuqala ushintsho olusuka kwisistimu B eya kusistimu C. Kobe sebubuya ubukhosi bobukhosi bomoya base Afrika.
